The Period Between 1880 And 1900 Was A Boom Time For American Essays

The period between 1880 and 1900 was a boom time for American politics. The country was for once free of the threat of war, and many of its citizens were living comfortably. However, as these two decades went by, the American farmer found it harder and harder to live comfortably. Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the bulwark of agriculture, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation allowed foreign competition to materialize, making it harder for American farmers to dispose of surplus crop. Finally, years of drought in the midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890's devastated many of the nation's farmers. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. During the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the demonetization of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. The growth of the railroad was one of the most significant elements in American economic growth. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small shippers and farmers. Extreme competition between rail companies necessitated some way to win business. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. However, this practice hurt smaller shippers, including farmers, for often times railroad companies would charge more to ship products short distances than they would for long trips. The rail companies justified this practice by asserting that if they did not rebate, they would not make enough profit to stay in business. In his testimony to the Senate Cullom Committee, George W. Parker stated, "...the operating expense of this road...requires a certain volume of business to meet these fixed expenses....in some seasons of the year, the local business of the road...is not sufficient to make the earnings...when we make up a train of ten of fifteen cars of local freight...we can attach fifteen or twenty cars...of strictly through business. We can take the latter at a very low rate than go without it." Later, when asked the consequences of charging local traffic the same rate as through freight, Mr. Parker responded, "Bankruptcy, inevitably and speedy...". While the railroads felt that they must use this practice to make a profit, the farmers were justified in complaining, for they were seriously injured by it. A perfect example of this fact can be found in The Octopus by Frank Norris. A farmer named Dyke discovers that the railroad has increased their freight charges from two to five cents a pound. This new rate, "...ate up every cent of his gains. He stood there ruined." (Doc. H). The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. As a result, many farmers, already hurt by the downslide in agriculture, were ruined. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices of the railroads. Near the end of the nineteenth century, business began to centralize, leading to the rise of monopolies and trusts. Falling prices, along with the need for better efficiency in industry, led to the rise of such companies as Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil, which controlled a majority of the nation's supply of raw steel and oil respectively. The rise of these monopolies and trusts concerned many farmers, for they felt that the disappearance of competition would lead to erratic and unreasonable price rises that would hurt consumers. James B. Weaver, the Populist party's presidential candidate in the 1892 election, summed up the feelings of many Americans of the period in his work, A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising. He wrote, "It is clear that trusts are...in conflict with the Common law. They are monopolies organized to destroy competition and restrain trade.... Once they secure control of a given line, they are master of the situation... They can limit the price of the raw material so as to impoverish the producer, drive him to a single market, reduce the price of every class of labor connected with the trade, throw out of employment large numbers persons...and finally...they increase the price to the consumer.... The main weapons of the trust are threats, intimidation, bribery, fraud, wreck,

Free Essays on Relating To The “I And Thou”

Relating to the â€Å"I and Thou† In the book entitled â€Å"I and Thou† written by Martin Buber translated by Walter Kaufmann he is explaining the importance of â€Å"I and Thou† as everyone being obsessed with what they can have or obtain instead of what they can become spiritually. Buber believes that if you see yourself in everything than you can be one with yourself. Buber says † There are men who hardly have an I at all† (Kaufmann, pg 12) I believe by this he means that one does not pay enough attention to ones self to know how to treat or be treated by others. People of today are more concerned about what they can obtain physically. People are not as concerned about what they can obtain spiritually for ones self. Buber says it in this quote â€Å" Some inhabit worlds in which objects loom large† (Kaufmann, pg 12). I believe Buber is saying that people are more obsessed with what they know than what they can learn from what they know. Here you see that we may have a group of people who are solid in knowledge but do they really know whom they are deep with in their center of being? Buber himself believes this also as stated in this quote â€Å" Here we have a community of solid scholars- so solid that there is no room at the center for any core.† (Kaufmann, pg 13) Buber also states that people can go through life with out ever knowing who they really are. They are just mere shells existing as people who are here living but do not know what there true existence is, as stated in this quote by Buber â€Å" this is an orientation in which I does not exist, and You and It and He and She are only shadows† (Kaufmann, pg 13) They have yet to learn that there is more to life than just working to exist and obtain objects. People do not understand that we are not just an â€Å"I† that we are all one and to be true to ones self you have to be true to everyone and everything around you. The reason being that we are all one in the same and we ... Free Essays on Relating To The â€Å"I And Thou† Free Essays on Relating To The â€Å"I And Thou† Relating to the â€Å"I and Thou† In the book entitled â€Å"I and Thou† written by Martin Buber translated by Walter Kaufmann he is explaining the importance of â€Å"I and Thou† as everyone being obsessed with what they can have or obtain instead of what they can become spiritually. Buber believes that if you see yourself in everything than you can be one with yourself. Buber says † There are men who hardly have an I at all† (Kaufmann, pg 12) I believe by this he means that one does not pay enough attention to ones self to know how to treat or be treated by others. People of today are more concerned about what they can obtain physically. People are not as concerned about what they can obtain spiritually for ones self. Buber says it in this quote â€Å" Some inhabit worlds in which objects loom large† (Kaufmann, pg 12). I believe Buber is saying that people are more obsessed with what they know than what they can learn from what they know. Here you see that we may have a group of people who are solid in knowledge but do they really know whom they are deep with in their center of being? Buber himself believes this also as stated in this quote â€Å" Here we have a community of solid scholars- so solid that there is no room at the center for any core.† (Kaufmann, pg 13) Buber also states that people can go through life with out ever knowing who they really are. They are just mere shells existing as people who are here living but do not know what there true existence is, as stated in this quote by Buber â€Å" this is an orientation in which I does not exist, and You and It and He and She are only shadows† (Kaufmann, pg 13) They have yet to learn that there is more to life than just working to exist and obtain objects. People do not understand that we are not just an â€Å"I† that we are all one and to be true to ones self you have to be true to everyone and everything around you. The reason being that we are all one in the same and we ...

Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer Research Paper - 2

Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer - Research Paper Example An early examination may reveal the disease on the first stage that will allow curing cancer. Different forms of breast cancer cause different symptoms. For example, cancer invasion in small lymph vessels irritate skin and is a symptom of inflammatory breast cancer. This kind of cancer causes pain, itching of the breast. Paget's breast cancer causes disease of the breast eczematoid skin changes, such as skin irritation and mild peeling of the nipple skin. Breast cancer is a metastatic disease that can spread all over the organism and affect different organs, thus it is considered to be incurable. It is not possible to stop the process. Metastatic spread of lumps can lead to weight loss, neurotic disorders, fever and other diseases (Kemeny, 1992, p. 13). As far as it is seen, breast cancer’s symptoms are different and destroy female organism step by step. Probably, this disease was named ‘cancer’ not in vain. Cancer opens its hostile feelers and entraps every victim. The global character of breast cancer is an intimidating tendency of modern society (Kemeny, 1992, p. 130). Female health needs care and professional doctor’s advice. Therefore on-time diagnostic can be salvational on the initial stages of the disease. Diagnostic methods are the following: breast palpation by a professional doctor, mammography, and aspiration cytology (Finkel, 2005, p. 34). A combination of these three diagnostic methods results in an accurate verification of breast cancer existence in every particular case. Aspiration cytology is similar to a biopsy. In the case of aspiration cytology a fluid inside a lump is checked for cancer cells; in case of biopsy, a piece of a lump or the whole lump is removed from the breast. Treatment of breast surgery is following: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of all these methods (Ogden, 2004, p. 54). Breast cancer is sometimes treated first with surgery, and then with chemotherapy, radiation, or both. Treatment is chosen in accordance with the intensity of progress of the disease. Â  

LED520 Cross-Cultural Communication and Leadership Assignment

LED520 Cross-Cultural Communication and Leadership - Assignment Example This paper examines cultural intelligence as a capacity, development of cultural sensitivity and the critical components of cultural intelligence. Cultural Intelligence can be defined as the capacity to read and understand the familiar and unfamiliar gestures of a foreigner and give the same meaning the foreigner’s colleagues would give. It is the ability to understand and perceive the world from the perspective of someone from a different culture (Earley & Mosakowski, 2004). CQ is a critical tool in a world that has been turned into a small village by globalization. It is also important in the business world because different people culture interact on a daily basis. Different companies have different cultures that may affect their interaction. Cultural intelligence bear a close resemblance to emotional intelligence, but it is delves deeper. Emotional intelligence enables one to understand what makes everyone human and what makes a specific person unique (Earley & Mosakowski, 2004). In the same manner, high cultural intelligence makes it possible for an individual to perceive and identify the unique features of a group and the peculiar characteristics that are exhibited by people from that same group. Individuals with high cultural intelligence can identify unique features of a person that are not idiosyncratic to the situation. It is apparent from the definition that cultural intelligence entails emotional intelligence plus the ability to read cultures. Cultural Intelligence emphasizes the need to think before a judgment is passed. A culturally intelligent person takes the time to analyze actions, responses and general behavior of individuals before reaching a conclusion about their unique features. It entails registering the way people are behaving and comparing to one’s culture. The comparison facilitates the discovery of similar characteristics or features that might help in understanding the culture of the group or

Human DNA and Sexual Differentiation Essay Example for Free

Human DNA and Sexual Differentiation Essay There has with respect to understanding human evolution, thus far, hardly been any greater an academic marriage than that which has occurred between physical anthropology and genetics. For anthropologists the union has been particularly beneficial as DNA has been incorporated into the quest to understand human evolution. Some scholars have referred to this as the culmination of the evolution of the once distinct fields represented symbolically by Darwin’s theories on evolution and Mendel’s speculation regarding genes; one scholar has opined that Darwin and Mendel are the core, the essentials of understanding. These basics work together.  The gene pool the hereditary property of a population of animals maintains the variation of the population or species, and mutation tends to increase that variation. Darwins selection cuts back the less favorable variation, in that way sculpting the inheritance of the species. (Howells 8) Fossils and genes, taken together, illuminate in ways that one without the other simply cannot. This refers to the discovery of positive knowledge as well as the discovery of long-established fallacies in the field of physical anthropology (Marks 131). This essay will focus on a few types of positive knowledge regarding the evolution of human DNA. More specifically, this essay will discuss how DNA variation can be used to explain some of the evolutionary physical features for sexual differences in humans as they pertain to language, sexuality, and visual spatial skills. As a preliminary matter, it is important to acknowledge that human sex differences were not always as pronounced as they are today. There were genetic variations that occurred over a long period of time and these genetic differences are evident in the fossils used by physical anthropologists to piece together how and why DNA has evolved as it has over the course of time. Scholars seem to agree that the evolution of human DNA is unique in certain respects; for purposes of this essay, it is significant to note that, regarding sexual differences in species, It is apparent that these same cross-species sex differences have become more pronounced in humans (Joseph 35). The evolution of human DNA with respect to sexual differences is greater than has been found in studies of other species. It has been demonstrated that DNA evolution led to Homo erectus females experiencing a vaginal reorientation at the same time that males experienced a change in pelvic structure (Joseph 35). The consequences were tremendous as this likely resulted in the development of long-term relationships between males and females; this is because, rather than being dependent on estrus in order to get pregnant, females were now physically and genetically configured to be sexually receptive continuously rather than sporadically. These long-term relationships also seem to have coincided with males and females establishing more permanent or semi-permanent homes. It can be argued, to some degree at least, that this genetic variation led to an embryonic notion of marriage and home. These human sex differences were further accelerated with the genetic evolution of the brain; indeed, as the brain became larger, this required a larger birth canal and an increase in the sexual physical differentiation in the size and width of the H. erectus (Joseph 35). DNA varied to accommodate these changes and they are manifest even today in the way that women walk as well as in the more fragile nature of their pelvic bones when compared to their male counterparts. As the female was evolving there were practical consequences; for instance, The transformation of the human female hips and pelvis, however, also limited her ability to run and maneuver in space, at least, compared to most males (Joseph 35). These DNA variations thus functioned to separate males and females and to lay the physical groundwork for other changes. This evolution in human DNA, in turn, led to a division of labor predicated on these newly exaggerated differences between the sexes. Generally speaking, women became gatherers and men became hunters. Each of these roles demanded different types of skills and the human animal adapted through the mechanism of its DNA. The female role demanded careful language skills rather than violence whereas the male role demanded aggression and physical strength. In explaining how the male DNA evolved to adapt to the male’s developing function, one scholar has noted that successful hunting requires prolonged silence, excellent visual-spatial and gross motor skills, and the capacity to endure long treks in the pursuit of prey. These are abilities at which males excel, including modern H. apiens (Joseph 35). In short, many of the human sexual differences noted today can be traced to the ways in which human DNA has evolved over time in order to adapt to changed environments and to changed sex roles. In the final analysis, even a cursory examination of the history of the evolution of human DNA suggests rather persuasively that there are watershed events which can aid in understanding the uni queness of sexual differentiation in humans and how sex roles evolved in response to that sexual differentiation.

Commincation Today :: Essays Papers

Commincation Today The business world today is more challenging than it ever has been. Effective communication is one of the many qualities one must have to succeed. It helps one present ideas, manage employees, and handle customers. Presenting ideas is what makes businesses grow and evolve. An idea, being a formulated thought or opinion, is hard to put into words at times. Knowing how to transfer one’s thoughts into words can become the most effective aspect in communication. For example, if one was to stumble over words and fill sentences with long pauses during a business proposal, that person is not as likely to close the deal as one who speaks fluently with a steady flow of thoughts and words. Communication also helps one to manage employees. Today’s work environment is filled with many types of people. One must know how to adapt to different races, languages, and cultures to effectively communicate. If an employee were deaf, it would be necessary to communicate using sign language so that person could fully comprehend the directions given. In addition to helping manage employees, communication also helps one to deal with customers. Customers vary in ways more than employees. Customers are not in a controlled environment and are accustomed to one adapting to their specific needs and wants. Depending on the specific wants at the time, some customers may be extremely irate or hostile. One must handle this type of customer with care and know that a different approach must be taken. Doing things such as talking in a soft voice may calm the customer down, thus enabling the customer to be more reasonable. Knowing simple things such as using a calmer voice enables one to effectively take control of the situation.

Supervised Industrial Training

On the job training or OJT is one method by which students is given a chance to apply the theories and computations that they have learned from the school. It also helps the students to acquire relevant knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. Colleges and universities require their students to undergo such training within a specific number of hours as part of the curriculum. For the students, an OJT or internship program provides opportunities to go through the actual methodologies of a specific job using the real tools, equipments and documents. In effect, the workplace becomes a development venue for a student trainee to learn more about his chosen field and practice what he has learn from academy. On the other hand, an effective OJT program also benefits the companies who accept trainees. First OJT or intern provides additional manpower for a lesser labor cost than a regular employee. Most of them are all eager to learn the ropes so chances are high that they will cooperate. Employers can use this internship strategy as a method in recruiting new employees. Since the trainer or the supervisor can follow the trainees’ progress, he can gauge based on performance, behavior and attitude if the trainee will make a good recruit after the completion of his internship. OJT’s can bring fresh ideas into the organization. Given the opportunity tospeak their minds freely and without fear, they maybe able to contributesignificantly in brainstorming sessions or research and eventually help improvethe organizations productivity. While training the interns, employers are in factalso teaching their employees to process of guiding the trainees stretches theirpatience, develops teaching skills and makes them more sensitive to the needsand mind set of the younger generation. The course of supervision also teachesthem how to share what they know and be receptive to questions. Hence, theinternship also becomes an avenue in training for future managers of the company.